New therapeutic perspectives in type 2 diabetes and advances in GLP-1 receptor agonists [Nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas en diabetes tipo 2 y avances en agonistas del receptor GLP-1]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62574/6bgm9479Keywords:
hormone agonists, glucagon-like peptide receptor, Type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Objective: To study hereditary dyslipidaemias from a clinical and differential diagnostic approach, focusing on genetically-induced hypercholesterolemia. Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline (PubMed) using the following MeSH terms: familial hypercholesterolemia, diagnostic techniques, prevalence. Results and conclusion: Eleven articles that met the inclusion criteria were analysed. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia has a prevalence of 1:200-300 people, while the homozygous form affects 1:17,000-400,000 individuals. Diagnostic methods include biochemical criteria (LDL-C >190 mg/dL in adults, >160 mg/dL in children for heterozygotes), genetic criteria (mutations in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, LDLRAP1) and clinical criteria (Dutch Lipid Clinic Network, Simon Broome, MEDPED criteria). Family cascade screening has proven highly effective in detecting new cases. Familial hypercholesterolemia is an underdiagnosed condition that requires the implementation of combined diagnostic strategies.
Downloads
References
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S1-S200.
Gotés Palazuelos J. Clases terapéuticas para diabetes de tipo 2: análogos del receptor del péptido 1 similar al glucagón. Medscape. 2021.
Salvador J, Gaztambide S. Los agonistas del receptor del GLP-1: un abordaje terapéutico eficaz de amplio espectro en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Med Clin (Barc). 2014;143 Suppl 2:1.
Nauck MA, Meier JJ, Cavender MA, et al. Cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(5):1093-1104.
Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10193):121-30.
Mann JFE, Orsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, et al. Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(9):839-48.
Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8(5):220-7.
Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(5):1308-14.
Drucker DJ. The biology of incretin hormones. Cell Metab. 2006;3(3):153-65.
DeFronzo RA, Norton L, Abdul-Ghani M. Renal and cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists: perspectives from the cardiovascular outcome trials. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(6):1405-13.
Barkmeier AJ, Singh RP, Hodge DO, et al. Uso de agonistas del receptor del péptido 1 similar al glucagón y riesgo de retinopatía diabética: un estudio de base de datos. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2024;142(10):1101-7.
American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl. 1): S125-S143.
Barkmeier AJ, Singh RP, Hodge DO, et al. Uso de agonistas del receptor del péptido 1 similar al glucagón y riesgo de neuropatía diabética: un estudio de base de datos. JAMA Neurol. 2024;81(5):567-573.
Tuttle KR, Rayner B, Lakshmanan MC, et al. Clinical outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(10):653-66.
Mayo Clinic. Agonistas del GLP-1: fármacos para la diabetes y pérdida de peso. 2023.
Revista de Nefrología. Agonistas del receptor de GLP-1: desde su efecto fisiológico en el sistema incretina hasta su rol en enfermedad renal diabética. 2022.
Verma S, McGuire DK, Bain SC, et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists liraglutide and semaglutide on cardiovascular and renal outcomes across body mass index categories in type 2 diabetes: Results of the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(12):2487-2492.
Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-1844.
American Diabetes Association. 9. Enfoques farmacológicos para el tratamiento glucémico: Estándares de atención médica en diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S125-S143.
Nauck MA, Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(11):685-694.
Cai Q, Li Y, Liu J, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:1-9.
Buse JB, Wexler DJ, Tsapas A, et al. 2022 update to the Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45(11):2753-2766.
Zhao L, Zhang M, Li H, et al. Gut microbiota modulates the secretion of incretins and affects glucose metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:1-10.
Qin Y, Yang T, Li Y, et al. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:1-10.
Castro MR. Abordaje práctico de la semaglutida en el paciente con diabetes tipo 2. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2022;75(2):139-146.
Eficacia y seguridad de los inhibidores de SGLT2 con y sin agonistas del receptor del GLP-1 en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Rev Mex Endocrinol Nutr. 2021;58(2):85-92.
Edelman SV. Addressing Unmet Needs With Injectable Medications in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. J Fam Pract. 2017;66(10 Suppl):S12-S16.
Alatorre C, Fernández Landó L, Yu M, et al. Treatment patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Higher adherence and persistence with dulaglutide compared with once-weekly exenatide and liraglutide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(7):953-961.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S1-S200.
Gotés Palazuelos J. Clases terapéuticas para diabetes de tipo 2: análogos del receptor del péptido 1 similar al glucagón. Medscape. 2021.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Olivia Elizabeth Altamirano-Guerrero, Christian Alexis Ávila-Díaz, Kevin René Lara-Quinatoa, Heydi Nicole Paguay-Pingos (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
CC BY-NC-SA : Esta licencia permite a los reutilizadores distribuir, remezclar, adaptar y construir sobre el material en cualquier medio o formato solo con fines no comerciales, y solo siempre y cuando se dé la atribución al creador. Si remezcla, adapta o construye sobre el material, debe licenciar el material modificado bajo términos idénticos.
