Diabetes and its relationship with dental health. Systematic review [Diabetes y su relación con la salud odontológica. Revision sistemática]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62574/67n8kx69Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, dental care, periodontal diseaseAbstract
Objective: To analyse the considerations that dentists should take into account when treating diabetic patients, including medical history, glycaemic monitoring, and management during dental treatment. Method: Systematic review following PRISMA methodology. Twenty scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 in English and Spanish were analysed from the PubMed and SciELO databases. Results: Preoperative glycemic control is critical to minimise complications. Patients with uncontrolled hyperglycaemia had a higher incidence of postoperative infections, impaired healing, and prolonged recovery time. Chronic hyperglycaemia is associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response and greater severity of periodontal disease. Preoperative glucose measurement is recommended (<70 mg/dL requires prior oral carbohydrates; >200 mg/dL warrants medical referral). For hypoglycaemic episodes, the ‘15-15’ strategy is applied: administer 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates every 15 minutes.
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