Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current therapeutic management [Síndrome de secreción inadecuada de ADH: Fisiopatología, diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico actual]

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62574/7vxaex12

Keywords:

inappropriate ADH syndrome, hyponatremia, vasopressins

Abstract

Objective: To analyse the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria and current therapeutic strategies for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Method: Systematic literature review following PRISMA methodology, searching databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline) and selecting studies published between 2020 and 2025. Results: Inappropriate ADH secretion causes free water retention and dilutional hyponatraemia through activation of renal V2 receptors and increased expression of aquaporins. Diagnosis requires demonstration of euvolemic hypoosmolar hyponatraemia with inappropriately high urinary osmolality. Stratified treatment includes fluid restriction for mild cases, hypertonic saline for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia, and vasopressin receptor antagonists (vaptans) for refractory cases. Conclusions: SIADH is the most common cause of hospital hyponatraemia, requiring a systematic approach based on pathophysiological understanding to optimise therapeutic outcomes and prevent neurological complications. Standardised diagnostic protocols and individualised therapeutic management according to clinical severity need to be established.

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References

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Published

2025-10-20

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Originales breves

How to Cite

1.
Valencia-Herrera AR, Moscoso-Estrella MA, Morales-Andino DG. Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current therapeutic management [Síndrome de secreción inadecuada de ADH: Fisiopatología, diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico actual]. CER [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 20 [cited 2026 Jul. 27];3(especial2):35-46. Available from: https://www.revistasinstitutoperspectivasglobales.rperspectivasinvestigativas.org/index.php/CER/article/view/889

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